x = [[0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0]]
x[1] = x[0]
x[0][1] = 42
print(x[1][1])

42

x = [2, 4, 6, 0, 1]
z = x
y = x[:]
y[0] = 4
x[1] = 42
print("x:", x)
print("y:", y)
print("z:", z)

x: [2, 42, 6, 0, 1]
y: [4, 4, 6, 0, 1]
z: [2, 42, 6, 0, 1]

x = [2, 4, 6, 0, 1]
y = x[1:3]
print(list(range(1, 3)))
print(y)

a = "Hello, world!"
b = a[0:4] + a[6:]
print(b)
print(list(a))

[1, 2]
[4, 6]
Hell world!
['H', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', ',', ' ', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd', '!']

lst = [3, 1, 4, 1, 5, 9, 2, 6, 5, 3, 5, 8, 9, 7, 9, 3, 2, 3]
midpoint = len(lst) // 2
#left = lst[0:midpoint]
#right = lst[midpoint:len(lst)]
left = lst[:midpoint]
right = lst[midpoint:]
print(left)
print(right)

[3, 1, 4, 1, 5, 9, 2, 6, 5]
[3, 5, 8, 9, 7, 9, 3, 2, 3]

lst = [3, 1, 4, 1, 5, 9, 2, 6, 5, 3, 5, 8, 9, 7, 9, 3, 2, 3]
print(lst[::2])
print(lst[1::2])
print(lst[::-1])
print(list(range(0, len(lst), 2)))

[3, 4, 5, 2, 5, 5, 9, 9, 2]
[1, 1, 9, 6, 3, 8, 7, 3, 3]
[3, 2, 3, 9, 7, 9, 8, 5, 3, 5, 6, 2, 9, 5, 1, 4, 1, 3]
[0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16]

lst = [3, 1, 4, 1, 5, 9, 2, 6, 5, 3, 5, 8, 9, 7, 9, 3, 2]
print(lst[len(lst)-1])
print(lst[-1])
print(lst[-10::2])
#print(lst[1024])

2
2
[6, 3, 8, 7, 3]

x = [3, 1, 4]
y = [1, 5, 9]
z = x + y
print(z)
z[0] = 42
print(x)

a = "Hello"
b = ", world!"
c = a + b
print(c)

[3, 1, 4, 1, 5, 9]
[3, 1, 4]
Hello, world!

def reverseInterleave(deck: list) -> list:
    """
    Return a reverse-interleaved copy of deck.
    """
    return deck[::2] + deck[1::2]

print(reverseInterleave([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]))

[1, 3, 5, 2, 4, 6]

print(int(42.0))
print(int("42"))
print(list("Hello!"))
#print(list(42))

42
42
['H', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', '!']

board = [[" ", "x", " "],
         [" ", "x", "o"],
         [" ", " ", " "]]

print(board)
board[2][1] = "o"
print(board)

for row in board:
    print(row)

[[' ', 'x', ' '], [' ', 'x', 'o'], [' ', ' ', ' ']]
[[' ', 'x', ' '], [' ', 'x', 'o'], [' ', 'o', ' ']]
[' ', 'x', ' ']
[' ', 'x', 'o']
[' ', 'o', ' ']

x = (2, 4, 6, 0, 1)
print(x)

(2, 4, 6, 0, 1)

x: tuple[int, str] = (24601, "Jean Valjean")
print(x[0])

y = list(x)
print(y)

<cell>4: error: Argument 1 to "list" has incompatible type "tuple[int, str]"; expected "Iterable[int]"  [arg-type]

24601
[24601, 'Jean Valjean']

def longests(strs: list[str]) -> tuple[list[str], int]:
    """
    Returns the longest strings in strs as a list, paired with their length, as an int.
    """
    r = [strs[0]]
    for s in strs[1:]:
        if len(s) > len(r[0]):
            r = [s]
        elif len(s) == len(r[0]):
            r.append(s)
    return (r, len(r[0]))

res = longests(["a", "blue", "duck"])
print(res)

(strs, length) = longests(["a", "blue", "duck"])
print(strs)
print(length)

(['blue', 'duck'], 4)
['blue', 'duck']
4

import random

def monteCarloPi(rounds: int) -> float:
    """
    Return an approximation of pi, using the Monte Carlo technique with rounds throws.
    """
    xs = []
    ys = []
    for _ in range(rounds):
        xs.append(random.random())
        ys.append(random.random())
        
    # How many fall in the quarter circle?
    inside = 0
    for idx in range(rounds):
        x = xs[idx]
        y = ys[idx]
        if x*x + y*y <= 1:
            inside = inside + 1
            
    return 4 * inside / rounds

print(monteCarloPi(1000000))

3.142296