Kelly's Ray Tracer


Torus


Cylinder


Transparency

This image shows simple transparency without refraction.


Refraction

This image shows refraction in cubes, cylinders and spheres.

The top set of objects has an index of refraction of 1, which is that of air. The middle set has an index of refraction of 1.33, which is that of water. The bottom set has an index of refraction of 1.7, which is that of a gem.


Texture Mapping

This image shows objects with a marble texture.

This image is of a stained-glass window with light shining through from behind the window. The walls of the room are white. The stained glass is a texture map and it has a constant alpha value across the map.

This image is of some silver objects that have an alpha map with vertical stripes of transparency.


Bump Mapping

This image shows a sphere with different types of bump maps.

In the middle row, the spheres have been rotated 45 degrees about the x axis. In the bottom row, the spheres have been rotated 90 degrees about the x axis.


Constructive Solid Geometry

The top row shows the union of a sphere with a box. The middle row shows the intersection of the sphere and the box. The bottom two rows show the difference of the sphere and the box..


Supersampling

These three pictures are of a sphere with a high-frequency texture map applied. You can see Moire patterns on each of the three spheres, but it is reduced in the supersampled and jitter-supersampled pictures.

This sphere was rendered without supersampling.

This sphere was rendered with supersampling on a regular grid.

This sphere was rendered with jittered supersampling.


Hierarchical Bounding Spheres

A non-hierarchical scene. Without bounding spheres it takes 30 seconds to render and does 4,028,640 intersection tests. With bounding spheres it takes 21 seconds to render and does 734,884 intersection tests. The number of intersection tests saved with bounding spheres is 3,293,756.

A hierarchical scene with only spheres. Without bounding spheres it takes 25 seconds to render and does 18,130,200 intersection tests. With bounding spheres it takes 17 seconds to render and does 2,186,100 intersection tests. The number of intersection tests saved with bounding spheres is 15,944,100.


Depth of Field

The closest sphere is in focus.

The third-closest sphere is in focus


Path Tracing

These images are of a sphere in a room with a red wall on the left, a blue wall on the right and a green wall behind the viewer. Notice the lighting in the shadowed area, the soft shadow and the color bleeding from the three colored walls onto the sphere.

This image is rendered with 5 rays per pixel.

This image is rendered with 500 rays per pixel.


Glossy Highlights

This image is rendered without glossy highlights.

This image is rendered with glossy highlights.


Glossy Reflections

This image is rendered without glossy reflections.

This image is rendered with glossy reflections.

This image is rendered without glossy reflections.

This image is rendered with glossy reflections.